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Which of these might be a possible treatment of cystic fibrosis caused by the most common genetic variant in CFTR, the cystic fibrosis chloride channel?
- A. A drug the blocks the kinase activity of PERK?
- B. A mutation in the residues of IRE1 that are autophosphorylated
- C. A drug the blocks ERAD
- D. A mutation in ATF6 the prevents its cleavage by proteases
- Correct Answer: Option C
Which of these is not a function of IRE1?
- A. Directly senses unfolded proteins
- B. It is cleaved to produce a transcription factor that goes to the nucleus and upregulates chaperones
- C. Promotes degradation of mRNA that is being translated at ribosomes docked on Sec61
- D. Splices the XBP1 mRNA
- Correct Answer: Option B
Which of the following is NOT a way to help relieve protein folding stress in the ER?
- A. Decrease transcription
- B. Increase chaperone synthesis
- C. Increase lipid synthesis
- D. All of the above help relieve protein folding stress
- Correct Answer: Option D
Why is protein folding stress more of a problem in the ER than in the cytoplasm?
- A. Because the ER can't start folding proteins until they come through the Sec61 translocon.
- B. Because the ER has to make disulfide bonds and do glycosylation
- C. Because the ER is a smaller compartment.
- D. Because membrane proteins are harder to fold.
- Correct Answer: Option C
The unfolded protein response (UPR) operates at which levels of regulation?
I. transcription initiation II. mRNA decay III. translational initiation IV. protein degradation
- A. I, III
- B. I, II, III, IV
- C. I, II
- D. III, IV
- Correct Answer: Option B
Which disease can be caused by too much ER stress?
- A. Huntington's
- B. Type II diabetes
- C. Parkinson's
- D. Alzheimer's
- Correct Answer: Option B
Which of these diseases does not directly involve protein aggregation?
- A. Type II diabetes
- B. Parkinson's
- C. Alzheimer's
- D. Huntington's
- Correct Answer: Option A
Proteins are properly folded with the assistance of
- A. chaperones
- B. ribozymes
- C. Sec61 translocon
- D. signal recognition particles (SRPs)
- Correct Answer: Option A
If RNAi ultimately presents a ssRNA to pair with an mRNA, why doesn’t the single-stranded antisense RNA work to cause interference?
- A. Because it is degraded by RNases
- B. Because it isn't a substrate for the RISC complex
- C. Because it won't get chopped down by Dicer.
- D. The sense RNA also has a role in interference.
- Correct Answer: Option B
Levels of which of the following are NOT usually decreased by dsRNA?
- A. Pre-mRNA
- B. Processed mRNA
- C. Protein
- D. All are decreased
- Correct Answer: Option A