Table of Contents
Licensing and Copyright …………………………………………………………………………………………………….i
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii
List of Tables ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… vi
List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. vii
Introduction by the Authors ………………………………………………………………………………………………..x
Author Biographies……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. xiv
Chapter 1: Introduction to Infrastructure Management…………………………………………………………….1
1.1 Importance of Infrastructure ………………………………………………………………………………………….1
1.2 Goals for Infrastructure Management ………………………………………………………………………………3
1.3 Role of Infrastructure Managers …………………………………………………………………………………….5
1.4 Organizations for Infrastructure Management ……………………………………………………………………6
1.5 Exercises ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7
1.6 References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8
Chapter 2: Asset Management Process………………………………………………………………………………9
2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….9
2.2 Usual Elements of an Asset Management Process …………………………………………………………..10
2.3 Example Asset Management System: Commercial Roof Management ………………………………….14
2.5 Exercises ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..20
2.6 References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..21
Chapter 3: Inventory, Inspection and Condition Assessment ………………………………………………….22
3.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..22
3.2 Manual Inspection and Condition Assessment of Infrastructure …………………………………………..23
3.3 Devices to Aid Manual Inspection …………………………………………………………………………………26
3.4 Sensors for Inspection Condition Assessment …………………………………………………………………28
3.5 Exercises ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..31
3.6 Pavement Distress Examples………………………………………………………………………………………31
3.7 References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..35
Chapter 4: Deterioration Modeling ……………………………………………………………………………………36
4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..36
4.2 Simple Decision Making and Forecasting from Condition Assessment ………………………………….40
4.3 Regression Models……………………………………………………………………………………………………41
4.4 Markov Deterioration Models……………………………………………………………………………………….45
4.5 Artificial Neural Network Deterioration Models …………………………………………………………………48
4.6 Failure Rates and Survival Probabilities …………………………………………………………………………52
4.7 Fault Tree Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………………57
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4.8 Exercises ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..60
4.9 References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..65
Chapter 5: Optimization and Decision Making …………………………………………………………………….66
5.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..66
5.2 Linear Optimization for Infrastructure Management …………………………………………………………..67
5.3 Integer Optimization for Infrastructure Management ………………………………………………………….71
5.4 Non-Linear Optimization …………………………………………………………………………………………….73
5.5 Combining Linear Optimization with Markov Deterioration Models ……………………………………….77
5.6 Exercises ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..79
5.7 References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..82
Chapter 6: Performance, Usage, Budget and Cost Functions …………………………………………………83
6.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..83
6.2 Short Run Cost Functions for Infrastructure…………………………………………………………………….84
6.3 Demand Fluctuation with Low, Medium and High Usage Situations………………………………………88
6.4 Budgets and Revenues from Usage………………………………………………………………………………90
6.5 Life Cycle Costs, Taxes and Finance of Infrastructure……………………………………………………….92
6.6 Long Run Investment Decisions and Cost Functions…………………………………………………………96
6.7 Decision Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulation for Investment Decisions……………………………….97
6.8 Exercises ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………100
6.9 References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………101
Chapter 7: Interdependence, Resiliency and Security …………………………………………………………102
7.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………102
7.2 Infrastructure Interdependencies ………………………………………………………………………………..106
7.3 Improving Infrastructure Resiliency ……………………………………………………………………………..107
7.4 Infrastructure Security………………………………………………………………………………………………110
7.5 Preparing for and Responding to Emergencies………………………………………………………………111
7.6 Exercises ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………112
7.7 References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………112
Chapter 8: Contract and Workflow Management ……………………………………………………………….114
8.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………114
8.2 Contract Management ……………………………………………………………………………………………..114
8.3 Workflow Management …………………………………………………………………………………………….117
8.4 Exercises ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………120
8.5 References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………120
Chapter 9: Commissioning New Facilities ………………………………………………………………………..121
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9.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………121
9.2 Testing New Facilities ………………………………………………………………………………………………123
9.3 Documenting New Facilities ………………………………………………………………………………………124
9.4 Integrating New Facilities into Infrastructure Management ………………………………………………..125
9.5 Exercises ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………127
9.6 References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………128
Chapter 10: Benchmarking and Best Practices……………………………………………………………………129
10.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….129
10.2 Benchmarking Methodology …………………………………………………………………………………….131
10.3 Choosing a Benchmarking Cohort …………………………………………………………………………….132
10.5 Networking and Standards for Best Practices ………………………………………………………………135
10.6 Exercises …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….137
10.7 References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….137
Chapter 11: Roadway Infrastructure …………………………………………………………………………………138
11.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………138
11.2. Duration and Extent of Roadway Infrastructure ……………………………………………………………141
11.3. Institutional Arrangements for Roadway Infrastructure Management ………………………………..143
11.4. Some Infrastructure Management Issues for Roadways ………………………………………………..145
11.5. Exercises ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………148
11.6 References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….150
Chapter 12: Building Infrastructure …………………………………………………………………………………..151
12.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………151
12.2. Duration and Extent of Building Infrastructure ……………………………………………………………..151
12.3. Institutional Arrangements for Building Infrastructure…………………………………………………….155
12.4. Some Infrastructure Management Issues for Buildings ………………………………………………….156
12.5. Exercises and Questions………………………………………………………………………………………..157
12.6 References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….157
Chapter 13: Water Infrastructure ……………………………………………………………………………………..158
13.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….158
13.2 Duration and Extent of Water Infrastructure…………………………………………………………………160
13.3 Institutional Arrangements for Water Infrastructure………………………………………………………..164
13.4 Some Infrastructure Management Issues for Water……………………………………………………….164
13.5 Some In-Class Exercises and Questions …………………………………………………………………….165
13.6 References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….165
Chapter 14: Telecommunications Infrastructure ………………………………………………………………….166
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14.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………166
14.2. Duration and Extent of Tele-communications Infrastructure ……………………………………………167
14.3. Organization of Telecommunications ………………………………………………………………………..171
14.4. Some Infrastructure Management Issues for Tele-communications ………………………………….173
14.5. Exercises ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………173
14.6 References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….173
Chapter 15: Electricity Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution Infrastructure ……………….174
15.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………174
15.2. Duration and Extent of Electricity Infrastructure……………………………………………………………177
15.3. Institutional Arrangements for Electricity Infrastructure ………………………………………………….181
15.4. Some Infrastructure Management Issues for Electricity …………………………………………………182
15.5 Exercises …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….184
15.6 References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….184
Chapter 16: Bases, Campuses, Parks and Port Infrastructure ………………………………………………..185
16.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….185
16.2 Extent and Duration of Base, Campus, Park and Port Infrastructure………………………………….188
16.3 Institutional Arrangements for Bases, Campuses, Parks and Ports …………………………………..190
16.4 Issues in Infrastructure Management for Bases, Campuses, Parks and Ports ……………………..192
16.5 Exercises …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….195
16.6 References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….195
